USA - Sterbehilfe, Sterbebegleitung, Patientenrechte - Gesetze und rechtliche Regelungen

USA

Sterbehilfe, Sterbebegleitung, Patientenrechte
Gesetze und rechtliche Regelungen

Mit dem Patient Self-Determination Act (1990), der den Social Security Act ergänzt und als Teil des Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act verabschiedet wurde, hat der Bundesgesetzgeber die Bundesstaaten und Organisationen des Gesundheitswesens verpflichtet, Regelungen zu Vorsorgeplanung (Advance Care Planning) und Vorausverfügungen (Advance Health Care Directives) zu schaffen. Die Gesetze der Bundesstaaten wurden nicht vereinheitlicht, doch jedes Krankenhaus ist verpflichtet, Patienten und Angehörige nach einer Vorausverfügung (Patientenverfügung, Gesundheitsvollmacht, Notfallverfügung) zu fragen und Aufklärung anzubieten.
Inzwischen gibt es in fast allen Bundesstaaten Gesetze zum Selbstbestimmungsrecht des Patienten und der medizinischen Behandlung am Lebensende.
Das Strafrecht fällt in die Zuständigkeit der Bundesstaaten, die unterschiedliche Regelungen geschaffen haben. Der ärztlich assistierten Suizid wurde in Oregon (1994), Washington (2008) und Vermont (2013) per Gesetz geregelt, im Bundesstaat Montana vom Obersten Gerichtshof (2009) anerkannt.
In der Kongreßbibliothek sind die Gesetzentwürfe der Bundesgesetze zu finden.
USA.gov bietet Zugang zu Bürgerinformationen, Bundesregierung und Bundesstaaten. Verschiedene Organisationen informieren zur Advance Directive.
Die Bundesstaaten Oregon, Vermont und Washington beantworten häufig gestellte Fragen zum ärztlich assistierten Suizid.
Der Fall Terri Schiavo - eine Frau, die 15 Jahre lang im Wachkoma am Leben erhalten und um deren Sterben ein erbitterter Streit zwischen Ehemann und Eltern vor Gericht ausgetragen wurde - hat viel Aufmerksamkeit auf sich gezogen.

Gesetze

Verfassung und Bill of Rights
United States Senate > Virtual Reference Desk > The Constitution
http://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm

Bundesgesetz Patientenautonomie - Patient Self-Determination Act
Government Printing Office - GPO Access > FDsys: GPO Federal Digital System > United States Code
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionUScode.action?collectionCode=USCODE
Choose Year > 2010
> Title 42 Public Health and Welfare > Chapter 7 Social Security:
Subchapter XI General provisions, peer review and administrative simplification
    Sec. 1302 Rules and regulations; impact analyses of medicare and medicaid rules and regulations on small rural hospitals
Subchapter XVIII Healthinsurance for aged and disabled - Part E Miscellaneous provisions
    Sec. 1395x Definitions
    Sec. 1395aa Agreements with States
    Sec. 1395cc Agreements with providers of services; enrollment and processes (advance directives)
    Sec. 1395dd Examination and treatment for emergency medical conditions
    Sec. 1395hh Regulations
    Sec. 1395ww Payment to hospitals for inpatient hospital services
Subchapter XIX Grants for States for medical assistance programms
    Sec. 13966a State plans for medical assistance

Strafgesetze der Bundesstaaten
Cornell University Law Scholl > Constitutions & Codes > State Constituions & Codes > topic list > Criminal Code
http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/table_criminal_code

Gesetze der Bundesstaaten: ärztlich assistierter Suizid
    Euthanasia ProCon > State laws - State laws on assisted suicide
    http://euthanasia.procon.org/viewresource.asp?resourceID=000132
    Oregon - Death with Dignity Act (ORS Chapter 127)
    http://public.health.oregon.gov/ProviderPartnerResources/EvaluationResearch/DeathwithDignityAct/Pages/index.aspx
    Vermont – Patient Choice and Control at End of Life (18 V.S.A. Chapter 113)
    http://www.healthvermont.gov/family/end_of_life_care/patient_choice.aspx
    Washington - Death with Dignity Act (RCW Chapter 70.245)
    http://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct.aspx

Gesetze der Bundesstaaten: Patientenverfügung, Notfallverfügung, Gesundheitsvollmacht
Living Will, Do Not Resuscitate Order, Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care,
Alabama – Wyoming : States.htm

Parlament

United States - House of Representatives
http://www.house.gov/Welcome.shtml

Patient self-determination act
Library of Congress - Thomas > Bills and resolutions > 101st Congress (1989 - 1990)
http://www.thomas.gov/home/c101query.html
Search - Bill/Number: "H.R.5067.IH"
    Patient Self Determination Act of 1990 (Introduced in House)
Search - Bill/Number: "H.R.5835.ENR"
    Omnibus budget reconciliation act of 1990 (Enrolled as Agreed to or Passed by Both House and Senate)
    Title IV Medicare, medicaid and other health related programs > Sec. 4205
       Sec. 4206 Medicare provider agreements assuring the implementation of a patient's right to participate in
       and direct health care decisions affecting the patient
       Sec. 4751 Requirements for Advance Directives under state plans for medical assistance

United States Senate
http://www.senate.gov/index.htm

Regierung

USA.gov - Government Made Easy
http://www.usa.gov/index.shtml
> Find Government Agencies - Federal Government > Executive Branch - Executive Departements
> Find Government Agencies – State, Local and Tribal > State Government > Alabama - Wyoming

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
http://www.hhs.gov/
> About Us > HHS Organizational Chart > Office for Civil Rights (OCR)
> Family > Health

Bürgerinformationen

USA.gov - Government Made Easy > Senior's > End of Life Issues
http://www.usa.gov/Topics/Seniors/EndofLife.shtml
    Advance Directives
    Caregivers' Resources
    Coping with Loss
    Funerals - A Consumer Guide
    Hospice Care
    Hospice Locator
    Living Trust Offers
Search: Death with Dignity, Control at End of Life

Healthfinder.gov - Your Source for Reliabale Health Information
Health A - Z
http://www.healthfinder.gov/HealthAtoZ/
    A > Advance Directives
    E > End of Life Issues
    P > Patient Rights

Medline Plus
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthtopics.html
    A > Advance Directives
    E > End of Life Issues
    P > Palliative Care, Patient Rights

Advance Health Care Directives
American Hospital Assosociation > Issues > Intiatives > Put It In Writing
    http://www.putitinwriting.org/putitinwriting_app/index.jsp
American Medical Association - AMA > Physician Ressources > AMA Ethics Resource Center > End-of-life care
    http://www.ama-assn.org/ethics-resource-center/end-of-life-care.shtml
Caring Connections > Planning ahead und > Advance Directives
    http://caringinfo.org/stateaddownload
Compassion & Choices > Care > Advance Directives
   https://www.compassionandchoices.org/sslpage.aspx_Advance+Directives
Mayo Clinic > Healthy Living > Senior Health > Health Care Decisions > End-of-life Issues > Living wills and advance directives
    http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/living-wills/HA00014
National Resource Center on Psychiatric Advance Directives > Getting Started
    http://www.nrc-pad.org/content/section/6/41/
New York Online Access to Health (NOAH) > Health Topics > Health and Wellness - Patients' Rights
    > End of Life Issues - Advance Directives by State
    http://www.noah-health.org/en/rights/endoflife/adforms.html
National Health Care Decisions Day
    http://www.nationalhealthcaredecisionsday.org/

Bürgerinformationen zum ärztlich assistierten Suizid in Oregon, Vermont, Washington

Oregon – Public Health Division
> Topics A to Z > Death with Dignity Act
http://public.health.oregon.gov/ProviderPartnerResources/EvaluationResearch/DeathwithDignityAct/Pages/index.aspx
> Frequently Asked Questions

Vermont - Department of Health
> Contents A to Z > Patient Choice and Control at End of Life
http://www.healthvermont.gov/family/end_of_life_care/patient_choice.aspx
> Frequently Asked Questions

Washington State Department of Health
> You and Your Family > Illness and Disease > Death with Dignity Act
http://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct.aspx
> Frequently Asked Questions

Montana
Patients rights Council > Issues (by State) > Montana
http://www.patientsrightscouncil.org/site/montana/

Sterbehilfe Pro und Contra

Ascansion Health > Health Care Ethics > Ethical Decision Making Tools (katholische Position)
http://www.ascensionhealth.org/index.php?option=com_blank&view=blank&Itemid=176
Caring Advocates - to plan and honor end-of-life decisions
http://www.caringadvocates.org/
Compassion and Choices (Sterbehilfeorganisation)
http://www.compassionandchoices.org/
ERGO - Euthanasia Research & Guidance Organisation
http://www.finalexit.org/index.html
Euthanasia ProCon > Historical Timeline
http://euthanasia.procon.org/viewresource.asp?resourceID=000130
Final Exit Network (Sterbehilfeorganisation)
http://www.finalexitnetwork.org/
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops > Life events > End of Life Issues / Euthanasia
http://www.usccb.org/prolife/issues/euthanas/index.shtml

Terri Schiavo

Wikipedia (englisch) "Terri Schiavo"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terri_Schiavo

Index.htm ß oben ß

September 2007 - http://sterberecht.homepage.t-online.de - Letzte Aktualisierung: 06.09.2013